# yum install httpd* mysql* -y

*** Install Module Needed for Authentication from MySQL databases. ***

# yum install mod_auth_mysql -y

*** Create a database which contains a table holding the username and passwd ***

#mysql -u root -p
password:

mysql> create database httpd;
mysql> use httpd;
mysql> create user ‘apache’@'localhost’ identified by ‘apache’;
mysql> create table users( user_name char(30) NOT NULL, user_passwd char(30), user_group char(30)
NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(user_name));
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘apache’@'localhost’ with GRANT option;
mysql> INSERT INTO users VALUES (’testuser’, ENCRYPT(’testpass’), ‘user’);
mysql> INSERT INTO users VALUES (’admin’, ENCRYPT(’testpass’), ‘group’);
mysql> quit

# service mysqld restart

# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

AuthName “MySQL group authenticated zone”
AuthType Basic
AuthMYSQLEnable on
AuthMySQLUser apache
AuthMySQLPassword apache
AuthMySQLDB httpd
AuthMySQLUserTable users
AuthMySQLNameField user_name
AuthMySQLPasswordField user_passwd
AuthMySQLGroupField user_group
require group admin /or/ require valid-user

# service httpd restart

enjoy

Apache Performance Modules

Apache is a powerful and widely-used World-Wide Web (Web) server. One of its strengths is that the modules that it is made of are customizable according to the user’s requirements. Ashish Kumar discusses the benefits and the process of customization, along with a brief introduction to some useful modules.

List of Standard Modules

This appendix (alphabetically) lists of all of the standard modules that are part of the current (version 1.3.x) Apache distribution. Table 1 the modules that are compiled-in by default and Table 2 lists the ones which are not.

Table 1. Apache Standard Modules Compiled-In by Default.

Table 2. Apache Standard Modules Not Compiled-In by Default.

Appendix II : List of Nonstandard Modules

This appendix is a list of some nonstandard Apache modules. The selection is biased towards modules for programming language support and Web site administration. See Table 3.

How To Set Red hat / CentOS Linux Remote Backup / Snapshot Server

Q. I am using an HP RAID 6 server running RHEL 5.x. I’d like this box to act as a backup server for my other Red Hat DNS and Web server. The server must keep backup in hourly, daily and monthly format. How do I configure my Red Hat / CentOS Linux server as remote backup or snapshot server?

A. rsnapshot is easy, reliable and a good disaster recovery backup solution. It is a remote backup program that uses rsync to take backup snapshots of your filesystems. It uses hard links to save space on disk and offers following features:

• Filesystem snapshot – for local or remote systems.

• Database backup – MySQL backup

• Secure – Traffic between remote backup server is always encrypted using openssh

• Full backup – plus incremental

• Easy to restore – Files can restored by the users who own them, without the root user getting involved.

• Automated backup – Runs in background via cron.

• Bandwidth friendly – rsync used to save bandwidth

Sample setup

• snapshot.example.com – HP box with RAID 6 configured with Red Hat / CentOS Linux ac as backup server for other clients.

• DNS ns1.example.com – Red Hat server act as primary name server.

• DNS ns2.example.com – Red Hat server act as secondary name server.

• www.example.com – Red Hat running Apache web server.

• mysql.example.com – Red Hat mysql server.

Install rsnapshot

Login to snapshot.example.com. Download rsnapshot rpm file, enter: WARNING! These examples only works on Red hat / CentOS / Suse / RHEL / Fedora Linux. See Debian / Ubuntu Linux backup server instructions here.

# cd /tmp

# wget http://www.rsnapshot.org/downloads/rsnapshot-1.3.0-1.noarch.rpm

# wget http://www.rsnapshot.org/downloads/rsnapshot-1.3.0-1.noarch.rpm.md5

Verify rpm file for integrity, enter

# md5sum -c rsnapshot-1.3.0-1.noarch.rpm.md5

Sample output:
rsnapshot-1.3.0-1.noarch.rpm: OK
Install rsnapshot, enter:

# rpm -ivh rsnapshot-1.3.0-1.noarch.rpm
Sample output:
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:rsnapshot ########################################### [100%]

Configure rsnapshot

You need to perform following steps

Step # 1: Configure passwordless login

To perform remote backup you need to setup passwordless login using openssh. Create ssh rsa key and upload them to all servers using scp (note you are overwriting ~/ssh/authorized_keys2 files).You need to type following commands on snapshot.example.com server:

# ssh-keygen -t rsa

# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ns1.example.com:.ssh/authorized_keys2

# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@ns2.example.com:.ssh/authorized_keys2

# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@www.example.com:.ssh/authorized_keys2

# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@mysql.example.com:.ssh/authorized_keys2

Step # 2: Configure rsnapshot

The default configuration file is located at /etc/rsnapshot.conf. Open configuration file using a text editor, enter:

# vi /etc/rsnapshot.conf

Configuration rules

You must follow two configuration rules:

• rsnapshot config file requires tabs between elements.

• All directories require a trailing slash. For example, /home/ is correct way to specify directory, but /home is wrong.

First, specify root directory to store all snapshots such as /snapshots/ or /dynvol/snapshot/ as per your RAID setup, enter:

snapshot_root /raiddisk/snapshots/

You must separate snapshot_root and /raiddisk/snapshots/ by a [tab] key i.e. type snapshot_root hit [tab] key once and type /raiddisk/snapshots/.

Define snapshot intervals

You need to specify backup intervals i.e. specify hourly, daily, weekly and monthly intervals:

interval hourly 6

interval daily 7

interval weekly 4

interval monthly 3

The line “interval hourly 6″ means 6 hourly backups a day. Feel free to adapt configuration as per your backup requirements and snapshot frequency.

Remote backup directories

To backup /var/named/ and /etc/ directory from ns1.example.com and ns2.example.com, enter:

backup root@ns1.example.com:/etc/ ns1.example.com/

backup root@ns1.example.com:/var/named/ ns1.example.com/

backup root@ns2.example.com:/etc/ ns2.example.com/

backup root@ns2.example.com:/var/named/ ns2.example.com/

To backup /var/www/, /var/log/httpd/ and /etc/ directory from www.example.com, enter

backup root@www.example.com:/var/www/ www.example.com/

backup root@www.example.com:/etc/ www.example.com/

backup root@www.example.com:/var/log/httpd/ www.example.com/

To backup mysql database files stored at /var/lib/mysql/, enter:

backup root@mysql.example.com:/var/lib/mysql/ mysql.example.com/dbdump/Save and close the file. To test your configuration, enter:

# rsnapshot configtest

Sample output:

Syntax OK

Schedule cron job

Create /etc/cron.d/rsnapshot cron file. Following values used correspond to the examples in
#vim /etc/rsnapshot.conf.

0 */4 * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot hourly

50 23 * * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot daily

40 23 * * 6 /usr/bin/rsnapshot weekly

30 23 1 * * /usr/bin/rsnapshot monthly

Save and close the file. Now rsnapshot will work as follows to backup files from remote boxes:

1. 6 hourly backups a day (once every 4 hours, at 0,4,8,12,16,20)

2. 1 daily backup every day, at 11:50PM

3. 1 weekly backup every week, at 11:40PM, on Saturdays (6th day of week)

4. 1 monthly backup every month, at 11:30PM on the 1st day of the month

How do I see backups?

To see backup change directory to

# cd /raiddisk/snapshots/

# ls -l

Sample output:
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-04 06:04 daily.0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-03 06:04 daily.1
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-02 06:03 daily.2
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-01 06:02 daily.3
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-06-30 06:02 daily.4
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-06-29 06:05 daily.5
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-06-28 06:04 daily.6
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 18:05 hourly.0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 15:06 hourly.1
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 12:06 hourly.2
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 09:05 hourly.3
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 06:04 hourly.4
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 03:04 hourly.5
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-05 00:05 hourly.6
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-07-04 21:05 hourly.7
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-06-22 06:04 weekly.0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-06-15 09:05 weekly.1
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2008-06-08 06:04 weekly.2

How do I restore backup?

Let us say you would like to restore a backup for www.example.com. Type the command as follows (select day and date from ls -l output):

# cd /raiddisk/snapshots/
# ls -l

# cd hourly.0/www.example.com/

# scp -r var/www/ root@www.example.com:/var/www/

# scp -r etc/httpd/ root@www.example.com:/etc/httpd/

How do I exclude files from backup?

To exclude files from backup, open rsnapshot.conf file and add following line:

exclude_file /etc/rsnapshot.exclude.www.example.com

Create /etc/rsnapshot.exclude.www.example.com as follows:

/var/www/tmp/

/var/www/*.cache

That’s It!